2000s (2)

• IP telephony grows

• widely variable reliability of analog TTY transmission

• no implementations of standardized text conversation

• Consumers moving away from PSTN where broadband is available, possibly faster than hearing population (no data available)

• But some are stuck with TTY due to lack of service (e.g. rural), economics

• Also older people need simplicity of TTY

• Standards work continues on text conversation in IP

• reliability and interoperability not assured by these standards, even if implemented.

• TTY still the only interface to 911