Challenges of Public Warning

• Many warning tools, all of them useful:

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  • EAS

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  • Weather Radio

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  • Telephone Alerting

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  • Sirens

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  • Internet, Email, etc., etc…

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• People tend to mistrust single-source warnings

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• People are confused by inconsistent messages

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• People are annoyed by irrelevant warnings: danger of them "tuning out"

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• Warning issuers are busy during an emergency