• Khan (1983):

Alerting effects of stimuli associated with fires as observed in male hearing able subjects

• 44, 54 and 75 dBA, smoke odor and heat

  • • 100% subjects awoke to 75 dBA alarm

    • 42% subjects awoke to 54 dBA alarm

    • 25% subjects awoke to 44 dBA alarm

    • 25% subjects recognized heat or smoke odor